Match Formations.
3-5-2
Team Formations: 3-5-2
The most recent formation to pop on the scene is that of the 3-5-2. This formation is often used by higher levels of competitors such as collegiate or professional teams. To be successful with this formation you must have exactly the right amount of talent. Because the talent is so precise to fit this formation, youth teams who randomly select members, often don’t have the luxury and talent to use this formation.
DEFENDERS in the 3-5-2 formation consist of three athletes: a left fullback, right fullback and a sweeper (or center fullback). These three defenders must stay tightly together, no more than 10-25 yards apart from eachother at all times. They form a slight triangle in shape with the sweeper nearest his own goal. That means, from left fullback to right fullback the distance should be no more than 50 yards. These three fullbacks must work together, sliding back and forth across the field supporting each other and making sure that all attackers are accounted for. Generally, the two outside fullbacks will mark the two opposing forwards “man to man” all game long, leaving the sweeper free to help out whenever necessary. Because there are only three defenders, they are much less likely to make offensive runs. Only if they are absolutely sure that they will score or assist in a goal should they make an offensive run and leave the man their marking. Again, this defensive strategy is only for the most skilled of teams and very confident defenders.
MIDFIELDERS in the 3-5-2 formation consist of five athletes. This formation allows for three central midfielders and two outside midfielders. Again, skill level comes into play here. This type of formation can not be run by a team unless the skill level is excellent. With three players in the middle it is critical that they all have tight ball skills as well as communication skills. They must all work together in attacking, defending, maintaining possession, winning 50/50 ball and controlling the overall pace of the game. These 5 midfielders can be murder on the opposing team if skilled, but they can also ruin a teams chemistry and ability if not properly trained. It takes a very special group of individuals to create a successful 5 person midfield.
FORWARDS in the 3-5-2 formation consist of 2 athletes. These two athletes have a very unique job. They must work together the entire game, rarely separating themselves by more then 10 to 20 yards. Together they must work to close off angles and defenders from clearing the ball out of the defensive areas. These two forwards must become so comfortable with eachother that they can predict where the others next move will be. It is very important for these players to be fast and agile. It is also important that these two players are in fairly good shape. Now that their are only two of them up there they have to pick up some of the slack for the missing third forward. With the additional, fifth player, in the midfield the forwards receive a little bit more help then they would from the 4-4-2 formation but still need to work together to produce.
The 3-5-2 formation is definitely not for everyone. In fact it is not for the majority. It is good however to be familiar with it. Picking a formation is simply up to the coaching staff. You want to pick the system that will best exploit your talents and support your less talented individuals. Keep an open mind though when picking formations and don’t be afraid to try something totally new and unorthodox because who knows it could be the best formation yet.
4-3-3
Team Formations: 4-3-3
The 4-3-3 consists of four defenders, three midfielders, three forwards and a goalie (goalies are not counted for in the 4-3-3 equation). At one time this formation was the dominant style of play for teams at all levels. Currently it is a formation that is being used for younger groups of athletes just starting to play the game. It is the easiest and least complex formation to learn, understand and play within. Lately, due to the lack of scoring in American soccer this formation is making a slight come back in higher ranks, yet still plays second fiddle to the very popular 4-4-2, which will be explained later.
DEFENDERS of the 4-3-3 formation consists of four athletes. The defensive positions consist of a left and right fullback, a sweeper and a stopper. The left and right fullbacks play in front of the goalie and behind the midfielders on their respective sides of the field. The sweeper plays in the middle of the field and is the very last defender. The only player behind him is the goalie, so this player needs to be very reliable. The stopper also plays in the middle of the field. He/she is positioned approximately 10 yds. in front of the sweeper. Set up correctly these four
players should form a diamond shape.
Left and Right Fullback Responsibilities- These two positions are probably the most varied positions in the game when it comes to skill level. What I mean by that is, at young ages (5-12) these players should focus mainly on defending their side of the field, and clearing the ball when necessary. They are responsible for sending balls long into space for the forwards to run onto as well as looking to play the ball into the feet of open midfielders. Speed is not all that essential for outside fullbacks at a young age. Now as the level of play increases (ages 13 through college) the outside fullbacks become much more then just defensive players. These outside fullbacks become essential members of the offense making runs up the sideline, at appropriate times, and looking for crossed balls for scoring opportunities. They can also carry the ball down the sideline and look to get crosses in themselves. In this case it is very important to have speedy outside fullbacks. They must be able to get up and down the field very quickly in case of a counter attack. It is very important that outside fullbacks do not get carried away with the amount of offensive runs. They must judge the opportunity and only go on the occasions they feel will actually result in them touching the ball or taking a shot. If an outside fullback makes to many unproductive runs, they run the chance of getting tired and not being able to get back and defend their goal, like their job description indicates.
Sweeper Responsibilities - The sweeper position is one of the most crucial
positions on the field and should be manned accordingly. A sweeper needs to be smart, fast, skilled and very comfortable with his/her ability. Because they are the last line of defense they very rarely make offensive type runs. Their job is to control the back. They are the leader of the other three defenders and it is their job to back the other three up at all times. If the opposing team is coming down the right side of the field the sweeper needs to be ready and able to back up his right fullback if he/she gets beat. The sweeper needs to do it all. He/she must be able to clear the ball, send the ball to open space for the forwards (generally aiming for the corner flags), clear balls out with his/her head, control the other defenders, stop breakaways from happening as well as work with the goalie in setting up defensive situations such as corner kicks, free kicks etc. The sweeper is an extremely important player.
Stopper Responsibilities- The stopper is generally a bigger player. Speed is
not a must here but one thing that is a must is consistency. This player must do things the same way constantly and not be sporadic. I say this because if he/she gets beat in an unexpected manner, his/her only safety net is the sweeper who will most likely be so caught off guard by the mistake that they too will miss the ball and then a breakaway occurs. This players role is to simply stop attacks from happening. He/She is to strip the opposing team of the ball and distribute. The stopper is not a play maker or a showboat. He/she is the simplest player on the field. Win possession of the ball and get it to another player on your team. Although his/her tasks are limited, the stopper is still an extremely important player.
MIDFIELDERS of the 4-3-3 consist of three players. A right midfielder, left midfielder and a center midfielder. These three players are generally the nucleus of your team. They are always in the middle of things and more often then not create most of a teams scoring opportunities. Midfielders must be able to play great defense as well as offense. These players must be versatile and very athletic.
Outside Midfielders Responsibilities- The left and right midfielders should be the most fit players on the team. They will be asked to do an awesome amount of running during the course of a game. They must support the forward in front of them and compliment the defender behind them to be successful. These two players are often the ones who cross the ball in and around the goal. They must have strong legs and be very unselfish when it comes to scoring. They should not be shooting to much from their corners of the field. If they do wander into the middle of the field then they should be ready to shoot, but in most cases they will be running up and down the sideline hitting crosses in for the forwards to convert into goals.
Center Midfielder Responsibilities- The center midfielder should be the most talented player on the field as well as the athlete with the hardest work ethic. Everything should essentially work through him and his presence must be known by all. He is responsible for switching the field of play from side to side, setting up forwards for shots, winning all 50/50 balls, playing great defense, shooting from distance and basically playing the role of “player coach” while on the field. He/she must be a very vocal leader and instructor. The center midfielder has an advantage over every other player on his team, that being he is closer to every other player than anyone else. He/she can turn 360 degrees and should always have someone within 10 -15 yards away to pass to. They also have the opportunity to play the long ball into space for on-running forwards. This position is the most crucial and should be looked upon as so.
FORWARDS for a 4-3-3 formation consist of 3 athletes. They are very similar to the midfielders in that they play straight across the field in a right forward, center forward, left forward fashion. There is a grave misconception about the forward position. Many believe that you are only an effective forward if you can score goals. Scoring goals is obviously an incredible attribute but a forward who sets goals up and collects assists is also very valuable. Some of the greatest forwards in the world are the ones who set big time goal scores up for all of their goals. That behind the scenes forward is important.
Outside Forwards Responsibilities- These two forwards should always be looking to score. Their first thought should be shot, but their second thought should always be, is there a better way. These forwards are often the ones setting plays up. Often times the angles on goal that these players run into don’t equate into quality shots. Because of this they simply pass the ball towards the middle and allow the center forward to finish the job. These players should be good dribblers, and have at least one solid move that they can use to beat defenders. Speed is a nice attribute to a outside forward, but good skills can replace speed sometimes.
Center Forward Responsibilities- This player should be the teams best shooter. The center forward will be, or at least in theory, should be shooting the ball more times than anyone else on the team. This player should be fast and crafty with the ball. His/Her small ball skills should be excellent. They should be able to dribble and control the ball very close to their bodies and work well in tight places. More often than not, when coaching a team you will notice a player who just seems to have a knack for the goal. That is the player you want to play at center forward. He/She should be the most selfish player on the field. This doesn’t mean that they never pass the ball, but it does mean, when they have a mediocre shot, they take it. All other players should (most of the time) pass off mediocre shots but the center forward should always take the chance and use his/her abilities to the fullest.
4-4-2
Team Formations: 4-4-2
The 4-4-2 formation is the most popular formation in today’s game. It consists of four defenders, four midfielders, two forwards and a goalie. At first glance one might think that this formation would limit scoring due to the lack of forward power. This is not always true. In this formation, the midfielders and outside defenders are much more active in the offensive attack, thus resulting in goals.
DEFENDERS of the 4-4-2 can play many different ways. They can play in the diamond formation, much like they would in the 4-3-3 formation. They can play flat across the back of the field in a line. They can play in an arc shape, eliminating the stopper position and forming a double sweeper. They can also play three flat across the field with the sweeper hanging behind in the middle ready to clean up any mistakes. Which way you want to set your players depends a little bit on personnel and comfort. As far as responsibilities go, they are very similar to the responsibilities the defenders have in the 4-3-3 formation. The only difference occurs when you play in the arc with the double sweeper or if you play the flat back four. In these cases the position of stopper is eliminated and you are left with two players that fulfill the role of sweeper. Generally you will use one of your sweepers as strictly a man marker. You pick the opposing teams best attacker and have your extra sweeper mark him all game long. Other than that, the defensive rolls are all the same.
MIDFIELDERS of the 4-4-2 consist of four athletes. The right and left midfielders still exist and carry out the same duties as with the 4-3-3 but a new member of the midfield moves in. This addition to the midfield plays in the middle of the field alongside the center midfielder. The two become an offensive/defensive duo and do their best to hold the middle of the field and control the game. Often times one player will take the roll of attacking midfielder and the other the role of defensive midfielder, although those labels are not branded in stone. These two central midfielders may swap roles as long as they communicate and let the other know when a switch is occurring. These four midfielders start looking a little bit like the defensive diamond mentioned in the 4-3-3 formation. Because the middle of the field is now occupied with two central players, the defense can afford to eliminate the stopper position, due to the excess help in the central midfield. The attacking midfielder is expected to also step up the other way and help produce some offensive scoring power though, now that the extra forward slot has been removed.
FORWARDS of the 4-4-2 consist of only two athletes. These two athletes have a very unique job. They must work together the entire game, rarely separating themselves by more then 10 to 20 yards. Together they must work to close off angles and defenders from clearing the ball out of the defensive areas. These two forwards must become so comfortable with eachother that they can predict where the others next move will be. It is very important for these players to be fast and agile. It is also important that these two players are in fairly good shape. Now that their are only two of them up there they have to pick up some of the slack for the missing third forward. The attacking midfielder, as mentioned above, should also help pick up some of the slack but the responsibility of scoring goals is still that of the forward so they must really work hard and work together to accomplish their goal.
SUCCESS & EXCELLENCE Sytems Of Play
There are many people, particularly in sports who think that success and excellence are the same thing and they are not the same thing.
Excellence is something that is lasting and dependable and largely within a person's control. In contrast, success is perishable and is often outside our control…..
If you strive for excellence, you will probably be successful eventually….. people who put excellence in first place have the patience to end up with success….. An additional burden for the victim of the
success mentality is that he/she is threatened by success of others and
resents real excellence. In contrast, the person fascinated by quality is excited when he/she sees it in others.
Joe Paterno – Penn State Football Coach - 1990
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Systems Of Play For Youth Teams
One of the biggest decisions that a youth coach faces when planning for his or her team is the decision of what system of play should be employed. In fact, this is a question that coaches want answered as they are looking for whatever edge they can get as they prepare their team for league play.
There are so many things to consider when picking a "formation" for your team, and these decisions are multiplied whenever a discussion is entered when the different age groups are considered. When making this decision, I think it best to keep in mind a few basic principles, balancing them out, then, making our decision on what system to play.
Here are a few things that need to be considered when picking a system of play:
1. The decision should be based on the individual player characteristics and personalities on the team. For example, if the team has only one player that is effective at playing "up front", they may decide to play a system that only has one striker, such as a 3-6-1, or a 4-5-1. If their keeper is not very mobile and thus makes the team vulnerable to balls played over the top of the defense, a team may decide to play with a sweeper. Look at the strengths and weaknesses of the team, and plug that in to the equation when looking to choose a system of play.
2. The decision should be based on the opponent that you play. Perhaps they play with three players up front, and, your team is accustomed to playing with only three in the back. Perhaps the decision will be made to play with four in the back against that opponent, or, perhaps one of the central midfielders will need to sit back a bit and play in front of the opposing team's strikers. Or, if the other team's wing backs have been identified as being weak, it may be beneficial to play with traditional wingers in the attempt to isolate these weaker players on the flanks, thus exposing them. Of course, all of these decisions need to be balanced with the thought that at times too much attention can be placed on the characteristics of the other team, thereby drawing attention away from what your team does best. A fine balance needs to be maintained.
3. The decision should be based on what the coach's vision on how the game should be played or how familiar the coach is with the system and his or her knowledge of teaching that specific system. Before an attempt is made to try a new system, the coach needs to make sure that he or she understands the strengths and weaknesses of each, and, how to coach it. It seems better to stay with what you know well, than to attempt something that you do not know anything about. Again, doing what you do well, instead of trying something different, even when you know that it is what is needed. Study first, then make the change when you are comfortable with the information that you can give to the players.
4. The system should accentuate the strengths of the group dynamic as a whole and should minimize the weaknesses of the group collectively. Of course, training time can be devoted to working on the weaknesses in order to improve upon them, and, time can be given in the effort to stabilize a teams strengths. In the mean time, a system can cover up the rough spots, and claim advantage to your strengths.
5. The decision should take into account the developmental level of the players. In other words the sophistication of the system should take into account the abilities and level of comprehension that the players posses. It makes no sense, with the younger players, to devise complex plans of attack, based on overlapping attacking players and a clever interchange of positions when your team does not claim the technical expertise to carry out the plan, nor the cognitive ability to understand that system. Soccer is a simple game and the players should be able to recognize it as such. Keep to the basic principles and do them well.
6. It should be remembered that systems do not win games, it is the player's ability to carry out the "plan" that wins the game.
7. Choice of the system can be based on the environmental conditions that the game is played. If it is raining hard come game day, and, you find yourself on a field that is less than average, playing with a sweeper behind the defense may be a good way to approach the game, and, putting a fast player on their back to force mistakes in the difficult conditions may be a good adjustment. If a team is used to playing with five midfielders and finds themselves playing on a very small field where they are just getting in each other's way, perhaps playing with 3 or 4 midfielders instead may be a good choice.
8. With the younger players, U-12 and below. The major consideration for the coach should be to teach the "principles of play" instead of a formation for results. Make sure that players understand the principles of support, cover, creating space, pressure, depth, etc.. Teach these first, using small sided games and activities that challenge players to solve a problem on the field. With the U-6's and U-8's, a formation is really not a huge part of their play. Having fun, and coming back next year are the major goals. A formation, for these youngest players, is a place to start the game. But, once the whistle blows, I can pretty much forget about maintaining a balanced formation. With players that do have a bit of an idea, a realistic expectation for some U-10's, our job is to keep things real simple. It may be a good idea to keep the field balanced. For example, if you are playing 8v8, play a 2-2-2 and take the one additional field player and let them be a "rover", going where the game tells him or her to go. If the game is balanced, the person plays in the midfield. If the team is struggling, the "rover" may find herself in the back of the team. Wherever the game needs this player, it is there where he goes. For 11v11, play a 3- 3-3, then have the rover go where the game dictates.
This is not an exhaustive list by any means. However, it does give us some things to think about, and some principles to adhere to when choosing a system of play for our teams. It is important to remember that overall, my main thing to remember is that the coach needs to make decisions on what is appropriate for the team. We need to adapt to the players, instead of having them adapt to us. Choose a system that fits them. Then, we can refine and interpret the smaller points to make us effective as a team.
4-3-3 IN ATTACK, "DYNAMIC INTERCHANGE":
A. KEEPERS:
1. Distribution- Need for good foot skills because of "flat backs".
Balls played back to keepers frequently.
Need to change the point of attack efficiently.
B. FLANK DEFENDERS:
1. Need to get forward and become a playmaker in the midfield.
2. Creates and recreates width.
3. Initiates and recognizes change of point.
-Skip passing.
-Finding the "holding midfielders"
4. Creates #'s up in midfield.
C. CENTRAL DEFENDERS:
1. Balancing penetrating passes with possession.
Going forward as fast as possible if "on".
2. Need to step into midfield if "sitting" midfielder gets pulled out.
Provide shape to re-load.
D. HOLDING MIDFIELDERS:
1. Changing the point of attack.
2. Finds seams in between lines of defense.
3. Playmaker (Akers), stay at home personality.
E. ATTACKING MIDFIELDERS:
1. Tremendous freedom to attack.
2. Provides ball side width at all times.
3. Provides "weak side high", unbalances defense.
4. Provides support for strikers.
5. Delivery of final passes.
6. Tries to play in between back and middle seams.
F. STRIKERS:
1. Provide width.
2. Puts "personality players" facing goal.
3. Organize in the box (framing the goal).
4. Keep re-establishing penetration (high central player)
5. Holding ball.
6. Finishing.
II. 4-3-3- IN DEFENSE:
A. BACK 4:
1. Flat, zonal.
2. 2 central players need to be able to slide in to midfield.
3. Ball side, goal side.
4. Ability to anticipate, "Next play is the most important".
5. Flank players play even or in front.
6. Play flat unless ball played in to strikers, then have "pressure-cover".
7. Against a 4-4-2, wing backs need to be able to slide in to midfield.
Leave weak side midfielder open.
B. KEEPERS:
1. Space behind defenders is theirs.
2. Organize defense when we have the ball.
C. MIDFIELDERS:
1. Force play in to middle whenever possible.
2. "Sitting" midfielder "sweeps" in front of back 4.
E. STRIKERS:
1. Play as a unit. Slide together.
2. Sometimes, wingers track back in to midfield when needed, weakside.
3. Strong side strikers do not need to track back as much.
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